Muslim Contribution to AstronomyBy Aisha Jamal, 10 years “By the sky and the Night Visitant (therein); And what will explain to you what the Night Visitant is? It is the star of piercing brightness” (Holy Quran 86:1-3) Many Muslims were very good at astronomy. The first Muslim Caliph to pay attention to astronomy was Abu Jafar Al Mansoor. In his time he paid a lot of money for translators, so many books on astronomy were translated into Arabic. The caliphs after him followed his example. Al Maoon was the first to make observatorys. European scientists relied on research from these observatories. Muslim scientists were the first to prove that the earth was spherical. They calculated the distance of the sun, moon, Venus, Mars, Mercury, Saturn and Jupiter from the Earth’s centre. The most famous Muslim astronomer was Muhammad Ibn Jafar Ibn Sinaan Al Battani. He was born in Battan, Hurran in 244 AH. Many scientists consider him to be one of the world’s genuius who set important theories and made researches in astronomy, algebra, and trignometry. He was famous for observing planets. He corrected Ptolmey’s work and added to it. His Azayj As ASabiee is very important and had a great effect on science. It was translated into Latin in the 12th century. It is an astronomical encyclopaedia. It covers the circle of empheris, the altitude of the North Pole and planets, the length of a solar year, the empheris of the moon and planets, solar eclipses and zodiacs. He estimated the distance of the sun, its farthest empheris equals 1146 times the radius of the earth, in the nearest position it equals 1070 times the radius of the earth, in the middle position it equals 1108 times the radius of the earth. He died in 317 AH. Ali ibn Abdurrahman, ibn Ahmad Ibn Yoonus Al Misri was a very famous astronomer and mathematician. The Fatimads in Egypt held him in high esteem. They were very generous to him and built him an observatory on Mount Muqaattam and gave him whatever he needed. Ibn Yoonus was the first to invent the pendulum not Gallileo, even European scientists say so. He researched about the solar and lunar eclipses. He also researched about the solar equinox and various latitudes and longitudes. Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Abu Rayhaan Al Beerooni was born in 362 AH in Khuwaarazam. He was very intelligent. He mastered many sciences and did a lot of research. He made many discoveries in mathematics, astronomy and physics. He showed that the earth rotates on its axis and he wrote famous book on astronomy Al-Qanoon Al-Mas'oodi fi Al-Hay'ah wa An-Njoom. He set a theory called Al Beerooni’s rule. He wrote more than 120 books , some have been translated into English. He died in 440 AH. Another astronomer was Muhammad Al Farghani who lived in the 4th century. He researched on the length of the year, various lengths of day and night and the movement of planets and stars. Abu Al Wafah Al Boozjani researched about trigonometric tables. Al Hasan Ibn al Hayatham made a camera to view starts. Abdurrahman As Soofi wrote a book called pictures of fixed planets – its got the positions of a thousand stars. Muslims made very good sun calendars for their time. Abbas ibn Firnaas built the first airplane and planetarium. The astrolabe is an model of objects in the sky. People used it for finding the latitude and longitude and path of the sun. The Muslims also used it for finding the direction of the Qibla and the time of prayer and for navigation. The Greeks invented it but the Muslims developed it further by adding angular scales and rings for measuring the azimuth. People think that Europeans made a lot of the discoveries in Astronomy, but actually the Muslims contributed a lot to Astronomy. References Holy Quran http://www.islamweb.net/kidsen/Kids%20Corner%201,2/subjects/eshamat1.html
GalileoBy Arsh Ahmed, 5 years Galileo was born in Italy. He is called father of science. He went to one big tower. He dropped two balls. One heavy ball and one light ball. They touch the ground in the same time. Galileo invented the thermometer. He filled it with water. If I am hot the water will be up, If I am cold the water will go down. Galileo was a astronomer. He invented the telescope for seeing stars and planets. Galileo draw he picture of the moon. He saw in the telescope crater in the moon and valleys in the moon. Galileo saw Jupiter has four moons in the telescope and also Saturn in the telescope. Saturn has rings. First people were thinking planets go round the earth. Then he told No, No, No, the planets go round the sun. He saw many stars and called them Milky Way At ABL we have Galileo’s telescope. Aneesa Aunty showed me telescope. She showed me one microscope. She showed me one more thing. I don’t know that name. It is use in submarine. I think its periscope. DinosaursBy Ayshaf 5 years
Dinosaurs are small some are tall. Some eat some and some flying and some powerful Dinosaurs. And some Dinosaurs eat leaf leaf leaf and become very big.. Some has powerful tails and some have powerful blades. There are colorful Dinosaurs one ahamar (red), one color aswad (black), one color abiyaz (white) and one bunni ( brown)color dragon Dinosaur.. Rain comes, sun comes and become mud water go inside and become stone, powerful stone. Dinosaurs die and small small Dinosaurs become like millipit poisonous millipit. Big Dinosaurs have hand and small Dinosaurs have no hand and small small Dinosaurs come out of egg. Green Dinosaurs are very very . Tall Dinosaurs have sharp claws, sails. Dinosaurs have strong jaws and beaks Dinosaurs if disturb then it will bite.. people run away scared of Dinosaurs.. It is thiiiiiissss much big. Small small Dinosaurs come in egg and mama Dinosaurs lays egg in nest every day small small Dinosaurs stay with mother Dinosaurs. Iit will fight in house. Dinosaurs fly like birds Diplodocus Dinosaurs eat everything . Small Dinosaurs are cock and hen size.. different Dinosaurs are Diplodocus, Ultrasaurus. Some like bird feet and some like spike. In hot sun, sun will come Dinosaurs will not sleep it only sleep in night and the ground. |
ElephantsBy
Abdurrahman Jamal, 5 years Elephants are the biggest land animals in the world. If there were no elephants in the world, our world would be in trouble! No elephants to ride on, none of the biggest land animals of the world. But, we already have elephants. And we have to keep them. Sometimes elephants can protect themselves from human poachers. But many suffer and will die. Some are killed for their tusks. Some are killed for their trunks. But some elephants live for a very long long long time.
Elephants suck up water by their trunks and put water by their trunks until there is enough water in the trunk. And then the bath itself, the elephant keeps its back under its trunk and lifts its trunk and then it sprays water. Even the babies step into rivers. Lots of elephants take baths.
The Grandma elephant is the one in charge. She smacks away the enemies. She even eats hundreds and thousands of leaves. She even breaks the bamboo and cuts it by her own teeth. But the long teeth are not used for eating. They are used for protecting.
If an ant gets into an elephant’s ear and gets all the way into the elephant, the elephant will die. And then the ant will eat it.
The babies grow bigger and bigger. And as they grow, they eat plants. MagnetsBy Arsh Ahmed, Composed at 4 years Magnets will pick up things made of iron and steel. North pole and south pole will be there. Take a paper, then put iron powder and sand, then keep the magnet down on the paper and move it, it will be like magnetic field. You should take a nail and magnet. Rub, rub, rub it for 5 minues. Nail will become magnet then after half an hour the power will go. In the dump yard crane will move and have one hook with magnet. Iron and metal are there, will take it. Some thief will put the gun in the pond or lake and the police will take some magnets to search and then will catch the thief. Some can opener will have magnet to open the can, fridge will have magnet, TV will have magnet, compass will have magnet. Some sontes will be like magnet and people tell it a magic stone. We should keep the magnets in the box. If we put it down the power will go and if we put it in the box power will not go. We put it in the fire, heat power will go. In the school they gave me a leaf, cap, rubber, pin, one metal ball and magnet. My magnet pick up pin, metal ball, did not stick rubber, leaf. When I went near the metal ball it is going to hit the magnet. For my friends they gave colourful magnet like "o". Aysha aunty had a "u" magnet. I think that's for ABL. Frogby Arsh Ahmed, 4
years
When we went to picnic I saw bull frog. It hopped, hopped and went. In my
school I saw other bullfrog. I can't see al all. It was small and the box was
grey. I know about him from frog book. RecyclingRecyclingBy Arsh Ahmed, 4 years
When we reuse something instead of throwing it away it is called recycling. Like when my dress becomes small I am giving it to my brother Numan. I am using the gift wrappers to wrap other gifts. We should have different bins for paper, cans, and kitchen wastes. It will be easy for the dump truck to take it to the factory for recycling. We should give the food waste to the plants because it helps them to grow. Recycling helps us to reduce pollution SpidersBy Arsh Ahmed, 5 years Spiders are not insects. They are having 8 eyes, 8 legs and one abdomen and one spinneret. Some spiders will be small and some spiders will be big. Different kinds of colours. Some spiders will be colourful, some will be red with yellow. The female spider is bid and the male spider is small. The male spider is scared to go near the female spider. That time it will get one small insect and give to the female spider and become friends. The female spider lays eggs in a sac and the spiderlings will come. When the wind is blowing they put one thread and flying and this is called ballooning. Spiders have skeleton, the skeleton becomes tight they get a new skeleton. Some webs will be tangled web, sheet web, funnel web, triangle web and orb web. Some spiders will not make web, that time they hid in the mountain or rock and will catch insects. Some spiders will make web inside the water and breathe with bubbles. The trapdoor spider will open the door and catch the insect. The insect will not come he will close the door. The crab spider will change colour. Grey widow spider – disturb it, it will bite. Tarantula spiders will not bite, largest spider. Frog will eat spider, bee will eat spider , bird will eat spider. Spiders help us by eating insects and mosquito and helped our Prophet. Prophet (SAW) and Abubakr going from Makkah to Medina. That time bad people trying to catch them, that time they went and hide in a cave. Allah told the pigeon to make one nest and spider make at entrance a web. That time the bad people think nobody is there and they went. The Prophet (SAW) and Abubakr be there for 3 days and went to Medina. SharksAathif, 5 years
Shark attacks people. It bites people. Shark has more and more hundred teeth and shark attacks people. Shark is coming big and small. There are so many kind of sharks - hammerhead shark, tiger shark, screwdriver shark, horse shark. Shark ears fish. Hammerhead shark eats turtles. Screwdriver shark eats other sharks. BirdsBy Eman Shaw, 10 years
“Behold Abraham said “My Lord! Show me how you give life to the dead.” He said “Do you then not believe?” He said “Yes but to satisfy my own understanding” He said “Take four birds, tame them to come to you, put a portion of them on every hill, and call to them: they will come to you (flying) with speed. Then know that Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise” (2:260)
What are birds? Birds are warm blooded animals. They are vertebrate. They have feathers, beaks and talons. Most of them fly and some are flightless. They fly in the air. And some soar in the air. They are beautiful animals but some are pests. Like crows, magpies. They live almost everywhere. You will hear them chirping everywhere and if you listen carefully you will hear tiny birds chirping. But in Antarctica not many birds are there because it is very cold. Penguins live in the Polar regions, seals, walruses and some fish too. Walruses have blubber so that is how they keep warm. Penguins live there because Allah gave them the ability to live there.
There are many kinds of birds. And there are flightless birds such as kiwi, ostrich, emu, cassowary, kakapo, penguins. Then there are sea birds there are gulls, terns, fulmars, frigate birds, puffin, boobies and auks. There are shore birds and water birds such as avocet, sand piper, pelicans, arber grebes, and more. Game birds are peacock, pheasant, and ptarmigan. The beautiful and popular birds are parrot, peacock, ostriches, emu and more. Boobie means crazy in Spanish. It was called Boobie because it was easily caught by the sailors. The ostrich is he biggest bird and its eggs are very big. Its eggs weigh 2 kg. It is the only bird that has 2 talons and if it kicks you, you can die, so be careful. Allah gave the ability for animals to live in their habitat. MashaAllah
Birds of Prey My topic is Birds of Prey. Birds of prey are great hunters. They have curved and sharp beaks to hunt and sharp talons (claws). They glide and if they find their pretty such as rodents, and tiny animals, they swoop their prey. They also eat fish and they hold them with their claws and then eat. And relish it. Vultures are scavengers so they eat dead or dying animals. Such as dead or dying deer, rabbits, birds. Owls on the other hand are birds that stay awake at night and hunt rodents that stay awake in the night. They have great eyesight to hunt in the night. There are more than 250 species of birds of prey. They include owls, eagles, vultures, falcons, ospreys, evergrade and more.
What is their lifecycle?
First they mate (female, male) They usually lay eggs during spring. The female does more building the nest that the male. The eagle builds its nest. It is about 3 metres deep and 2.9 metres wide and weighs about 2722 kgs (almost 3 tons!) Oh no much more than you weigh, would you believe it? Eagles lay 3 eggs or less. The baby eagles are called eaglets. They hatch in 30-40 days. Their mother has to hunt food all day long. After about 6 weeks of being with their parents the babies are pushed out of their nest to go on to their own. Actually baby eagles (eaglets) stay in the nest till 11-12 weeks of age. The parents feed the babies until they leave the nest permanently. Even if the eaglets can fly well, they often keep coming back to the nest or stay in the area while most parents still feed them. Only occasionally they kick a baby out of the nest. Even when they do, they still care for them till they leave permanently.
What do they eat?
An eagle feeds mainly on fish. Sometimes when an eagle is not in the mood to fish, they feed on ducks, drifting birds, turtles, snakes and carrion. Vultures eat carrion. They are scavengers and do not kill animals themselves. So they are not predators. Many owls feed mainly on furry animals such as rats, moles, squirrels, rabbits and even skunks. They often swallow the smaller animals whole. Owls also eat insects, worms, spiders, frogs, lizards. And other small birds. Owls can kill animals as large as themselves or even larger. In the world of hunters, owls eat extremely well!
What eats it?
Birds of prey are hunters so they do not have enemies, except each other. The birds of pretty die because there isn’t enough food. And also we humans do hunt them just for fun. If we humans eat up all the fish, birds of prey will become extinct because they will not have enough food. So let’s not be harmful to animals because if they die out what will be the use of spending lots of money to buy eagles and tame them. So if you help, we will save the animals.
Where do they live?
Birds of prey live in many places. They include USA, India. Very few live in the Artic. They live in Alaska, Amazon, West USA, Mexico and Argentina, Mississippi, England. They can lie n most of the countries because they are warm blooded.
Endangered
Many birds are endangered because we love to hunt them, to eat them. We destroy their habitats and their food chain. Some people have made rules not to kill the endangered animals. But hunters and poachers secretly kill them. Here is a list of endangered species: Southern Bald Eagle, Peregrine falcon, condors, Mexican spotted owl, Philippine eagle etc.
Bibliography 1. “Animals of the World”, Paragon 2002 2. “Birds of Prey”, Paul D. Frost, Paragon 2006 3. “Holy Quran”, Tr. Yusuf Ali, Islamic Service, 2006 4. “4000 things you should know about Animals”, Miles Kelly, 2002
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